Indo-European Language Family
This page provides the full family tree of the Indo-European languages in outline form. This outline is derived from the Indo-European language family tree in the Ethnologue, with a few revisions. There are 452 languages, extant and extinct, of the Indo-European language family listed on this page.
Languages are listed in alphabetical order. No importance should be inferred from the order of the languages in the list below.
† Languages marked with a dagger are extinct.
INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY
- Albanian (4)
- Gheg (1)
- Albanian, Gheg
- Tosk (3)
- Albanian, Arbëreshë
- Albanian, Arvanitika
- Albanian, Tosk
- Gheg (1)
- Anatolian (1) †
- Hittite †
- Armenian (1)
- Armenian
- Baltic (3)
- Eastern (2)
- Latvian
- Lithuanian
- Western (1)
- Prussian †
- Eastern (2)
- Celtic (7)
- Gaulish †
- Insular (7)
- Brythonic (3)
- Breton
- Cornish
- Welsh
- Goidelic (4)
- Gaelic, Hiberno-Scottish
- Gaelic, Scottish
- Gaelic, Irish
- Manx †
- Brythonic (3)
- Germanic (53)
- East (1)
- Gothic †
- North (11)
- East Scandinavian (6)
- Danish-Swedish (6)
- Danish-Bokmal (1)
- Norwegian, Bokmål
- Danish-Riksmal (2)
- Danish (2)
- Danish
- Jutish
- Danish (2)
- Swedish (3)
- Dalecarlian
- Scanian
- Swedish
- Danish-Bokmal (1)
- Danish-Swedish (6)
- West Scandinavian (5)
- Faroese
- Icelandic
- Jamtska
- Norwegian, Nynorsk
- Norn
- East Scandinavian (6)
- West (41)
- English (3)
- English
- Scots
- Yinglish
- Frisian (3)
- Frisian, Western
- Frisian, Northern
- Saterfriesisch
- High German (20)
- German (18)
- Frankish
- Middle German (9)
- East Middle German (3)
- German, Standard
- Saxon, Upper
- Silesian, Lower
- West Middle German (6)
- Moselle Franconian (2)
- Luxembourgeois
- Mainfränkisch
- Rhenisch Fraconian (2)
- Pfaelzisch
- Limburgisch
- Ripuarian Franconian (1)
- Kölsch
- Pennsylvania German
- Moselle Franconian (2)
- East Middle German (3)
- Upper German (8)
- Alemannic (4)
- Colonia Tovar German
- Schwyzerdütsch
- Swabian
- Walser
- Bavarian-Austrian (4)
- Bavarian
- Cimbrian
- Hutterite German
- Mócheno
- Alemannic (4)
- Yiddish (2)
- Yiddish, Eastern
- Yiddish, Western
- German (18)
- Low Saxon-Low Franconian (15)
- Frisian, Eastern
- Low Franconian (4)
- Afrikaans
- Dutch
- Vlaams
- Zeeuws
- Low Saxon (10)
- Achterhoeks
- Drents
- Gronings
- Low Saxon
- Plautdietsch
- Sallands
- Stellingwerfs
- Twents
- Veluws
- Westphalien
- English (3)
- East (1)
- Greek (6)
- Attic (5)
- Ancient Greek
- Cappadocian Greek
- Greek
- Pontic
- Yevanic
- Doric (1)
- Tsakonian
- Attic (5)
- Indo-Iranian (308)
- Indo-Aryan (219)
- Central zone (76)
- Bhil (19)
- Bareli, Palya
- Bareli, Pauri
- Bareli, Rathwi
- Bauria
- Bhili
- Bhilali
- Chodri
- Dhodia
- Dubli
- Dungra Bhil
- Garasia, Adiwasi
- Garasia, Rajput
- Gamit
- Mawchi
- Nahali
- Noiri
- Pardhi
- Rathawi
- Wagdi
- Dom (1)
- Domari
- Gujarati (9)
- Aer
- Gujarati
- Jandavra
- Koli, Kachi
- Koli, Parkari
- Koli, Wadiyara
- Saurashtra
- Vaghri
- Vasavi
- Khandesi (3)
- Ahirani
- Dhanki
- Khandesi
- Panjabi (1)
- Panjabi, Eastern
- Powari
- Rajasthani (18)
- Marwari (10)
- Dhatki
- Dhundari
- Goaria
- Godwari
- Loarki
- Marwari (India)
- Marwari (Pakistan)
- Merwari
- Mewari
- Shekhawati
- Unclassified (8)
- Bagri
- Gujari
- Gurgula
- Harauti
- Lambadi
- Lohar, Gade
- Malvi
- Nimadi
- Marwari (10)
- Romani (7)
- Balkan (1)
- Romani, Balkan
- Northern (5)
- Romani, Carpathian
- Romani, Kalo Finnish
- Romani, Baltic
- Romani, Sinte
- Romani, Welsh
- Vlax (1)
- Romani, Vlax
- Balkan (1)
- Western Hindi (12)
- Bundeli (1)
- Bundeli
- Hindustani (4)
- Hindi
- Sansi (2)
- Kabutra
- Sansi
- Urdu
- Unclassified (7)
- Bhaya
- Braj Bhasha
- Chamari
- Ghera
- Gowli
- Haryanvi
- Kanauji
- Bundeli (1)
- Unclassified (5)
- Mewati
- Parya
- Sonha
- Tharu, Dangaura
- Tharu, Kathoriya
- Bhil (19)
- East Central zone (5)
- Awadhi
- Bagheli
- Chhattisgarhi
- Dhanwar
- Hindustani, Fijian
- Eastern zone (42)
- Bengali-Assamese (16)
- Assamese
- Bengali
- Bishnupriya
- Chakma
- Chittagonian
- Hajong
- Halbi
- Kayort
- Kharia Thar
- Kurmukar
- Mal Paharia
- Mirgan
- Nahari
- Rajbanshi
- Sylheti
- Tangchangya
- Bihari (12)
- Angika
- Bhojpuri
- Hindustani, Caribbean
- Kudmali
- Magahi
- Maithili
- Majhi
- Musasa
- Panchpargania
- Sadri, Oraon
- Sadri
- Surajpuri
- Oriya (8)
- Bhatri
- Bhunjia
- Bodo Parja
- Kupia
- Oriya, Adivasi
- Oriya, Desiya
- Oriya
- Reli
- Unclassified (6)
- Bote-Majhi
- Buksa
- Degaru
- Tharu, Chitwania
- Tharu, Kochila
- Tharu, Rana
- Bengali-Assamese (16)
- Northern zone (22)
- Garhwali (1)
- Garhwali
- Pahari, Central (1)
- Kumauni
- Pahari, Eastern (3)
- Jumli
- Nepali
- Palpa
- Pahari, Western (17)
- Bhadrawahi
- Bhattiyali
- Bilaspuri
- Chambeali
- Churahi
- Dogri
- Gaddi
- Hinduri
- Jaunsari
- Kangri
- Kinnauri, Harijan
- Mandeali
- Pahari, Kullu
- Pahari, Mahasu
- Pahari-Potwari
- Pangwali
- Sirmauri
- Garhwali (1)
- Northwestern zone (39)
- Dardic (27)
- Chitral (2)
- Khowar
- Kalasha
- Kashmiri (1)
- Kashmiri
- Kohistani (9)
- Bateri
- Chilisso
- Gowro
- Kalami
- Kalkoti
- Kohistani, Indus
- Tirahi
- Torwali
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai
- Kunar (8)
- Dameli
- Gawar-Bati
- Grangali
- Pashayi (4)
- Pashayi, Northeast
- Pashayi, Northwest
- Pashayi, Southeast
- Pashayi, Southwest
- Shumashti
- Shina (7)
- Brokskat
- Domaaki
- Phalura
- Savi
- Shina
- Shina, Kohistani
- Ushojo
- Chitral (2)
- Lahnda (7)
- Hindko, Northern
- Hindko, Southern
- Jakati
- Khetrani
- Panjabi, Mirpur
- Panjabi, Western
- Seraiki
- Sindhi (5)
- Jadgali
- Kachchi
- Lasi
- Sindhi Bhil
- Sindhi
- Dardic (27)
- Nuristani (6)
- Ashkun
- Kamviri
- Kati
- Prasuni
- Tregami
- Waigali
- Sanskrit
- Sinhalese-Maldivian (3)
- Maldivian
- Sinhala
- Veddah
- Southern zone (12)
- Konkani (7)
- Katkari
- Konkani
- Konkani, Goanese
- Kukna
- Phudagi
- Samvedi
- Varli
- Marathi
- Unclassified (4)
- Bhalay
- Deccan
- Gowlan
- Varhadi-Nagpuri
- Konkani (7)
- Unclassified (13)
- Chinali
- Darai
- Dhanwar
- Kanjari
- Kumhali
- Lohar, Lahul
- Memoni
- Mina
- Od
- Pali
- Tippera
- Usui
- Vaagri Booli
- Central zone (76)
- Iranian (87)
- Eastern (14)
- Northeastern (3)
- Avestan †
- Osetin
- Yagnobi
- Southeastern (11)
- Pamir (7)
- Munji
- Sanglechi-Ishkashimi
- Shugni-Yazgulami (3)
- Shughni
- Sarikoli
- Yazgulyam
- Wakhi
- Yidgha
- Pashto (4)
- Pashto, Central
- Pashto, Northern
- Pashto, Southern
- Waneci
- Pamir (7)
- Northeastern (3)
- Western (72)
- Northwestern (54)
- Balochi (5)
- Balochi, Eastern
- Balochi, Southern
- Balochi, Western
- Bashkardi
- Koroshi
- Caspian (3)
- Gilaki
- Mazanderani
- Shahmirzadi
- Central Iran (12)
- Ashtiani
- Dari, Zoroastrian
- Fars, Northwestern
- Gazi
- Khunsari
- Natanzi
- Nayini
- Parsi
- Parsi-Dari
- Sivandi
- Soi
- Vafsi
- Khalaj
- Kurdish (4)
- Kurdish, Central
- Kurdish, Northern
- Kurdish, Southern
- Laki
- Ormuri-Parachi (2)
- Ormuri
- Parachi
- Semnani (4)
- Lasgerdi
- Sangisari
- Semnani
- Sorkhei
- Talysh (16)
- Alviri-Vidari
- Eshtehardi
- Gozarkhani
- Harzani
- Kabatei
- Kajali
- Karingani
- Kho′ini
- Koresh-e Rostam
- Maraghei
- Razajerdi
- Rudbari
- Shahrudi
- Takestani
- Talysh
- Taromi, Upper
- Zaza-Gorani (6)
- Bajelani
- Dimli
- Gurani
- Kirmanjki
- Sarli
- Shabak
- Unclassified (1)
- Dezfuli
- Balochi (5)
- Southwestern (18)
- Fars (2)
- Fars, Southwestern
- Lari
- Luri (4)
- Bakhtiari
- Kumzari
- Luri, Northern
- Luri, Southern
- Persian (10)
- Aimaq
- Bukharic
- Darwazi
- Dehwari
- Dzhidi
- Farsi, Eastern
- Farsi, Western
- Hazaragi
- Pahlavani
- Tajiki
- Tat (2)
- Judeo-Tat
- Tat, Muslim
- Fars (2)
- Northwestern (54)
- Unclassified (1)
- Tangshewi
- Eastern (14)
- Unclassified (2)
- Badeshi
- Luwati
- Indo-Aryan (219)
- Italic (48)
- Latino-Faliscan (1)
- Latin †
- Romance (47)
- Eastern (4)
- Romanian
- Romanian, Istro
- Romanian, Macedo
- Romanian, Megleno
- Italo-Western (38)
- Italo-Dalmatian (6)
- Dalmatian
- Istriot
- Italian
- Judeo-Italian
- Napoletano-Calabrese
- Sicilian
- Western (32)
- Gallo-Iberian (30)
- Gallo-Romance (14)
- Gallo-Italian (5)
- Emiliano-Romagnolo
- Ligurian
- Lombard
- Piedmontese
- Venetian
- Gallo-Rhaetian (9)
- Oïl (6)
- French (5)
- French
- French, Cajun
- Picard
- Walloon
- Zarphatic †
- Southeastern (1)
- Franco-Provençal
- French (5)
- Rhaetian (3)
- Friulian
- Ladin
- Romansch
- Oïl (6)
- Gallo-Italian (5)
- Ibero-Romance (16)
- East Iberian (1)
- Catalan-Valencian-Balear
- Oc (6)
- Auvergnat
- Gascon
- Limousin
- Languedocien
- Provençal
- Shuadit
- West Iberian (9)
- Asturo-Leonese (2)
- Asturian
- Miranda do Douro
- Castilian (4)
- Extremaduran
- Ladino
- Spanish
- Spanish, Loreto-Ucayali
- Portuguese-Galician (3)
- Fala
- Galician
- Portuguese
- Asturo-Leonese (2)
- East Iberian (1)
- Gallo-Romance (14)
- Pyrenean-Mozarabic (2)
- Mozarabic (1)
- Mozarabic
- Pyrenean (1)
- Aragonese
- Mozarabic (1)
- Gallo-Iberian (30)
- Italo-Dalmatian (6)
- Southern (5)
- Corsican (1)
- Corsican
- Sardinian (4)
- Sardinian, Campidanese
- Sardinian, Gallurese
- Sardinian, Logudorese
- Sardinian, Sassarese
- Corsican (1)
- Eastern (4)
- Latino-Faliscan (1)
- Slavic (19)
- East (4)
- Belarusan
- Russian
- Rusyn
- Ukrainian
- South (7)
- Eastern (3)
- Bulgarian
- Macedonian
- Old Church Slavonic †
- Western (4)
- Bosnian
- Croatian
- Serbian
- Slovenian
- Eastern (3)
- West (8)
- Czech-Slovak (3)
- Czech
- Knaanic
- Slovak
- Lechitic (3)
- Kashubian
- Polish
- Polabian
- Sorbian (2)
- Sorbian, Lower
- Sorbian, Upper
- Czech-Slovak (3)
- East (4)
- Tocharian (2) †
- Tocharian A †
- Tocharian B †
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